The Potential Impact of Climate Extremes on Cotton and Wheat Crops in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The assessment of climate extremes’ impact on crop yield is essential to improve our understanding agricultural resilience. In the present study, we analyzed potential extremes wheat and cotton production in Southern Punjab, Pakistan using 30-year observed data from Meteorological Department (PMD) fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA-5) European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Cotton a Kharif season that sown May harvested October, Rabi planted November April. (1985–2015) contained area were obtained Bureau Statistics, Punjab six selected districts Punjab. Three precipitation indices, namely consecutive dry days (CDD), wet (CWD) total (PRCPTOT), four temperature warm (TX90p), nights (TN90p), cool (TX10p) (TN10p), analyze impacts production. (1) We found association TX10p, TN10p, TX90p TN90p with those years which remained same. (2) few study area, losses associated an increase warmer nights. (3) grain size was suppressed due frequency TN90p, ultimately reduced net (4) some districts, strong positive correlations between extreme indices yield; however, other factors such as use advanced technology, fertilizer, seeds, etc., may lead improved This can help adaptation planning resilient under stress events